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21.
22.
The mechanisms of speciation of aluminate and silicate phases during dissolution and condensation stages of alumino-silicate
geopolymer reactions characterised by Si/Al ≥ 3, have been investigated and the results compared to predictions of the partial
charge model. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) traces indicate that free [Al(OH)4]− species, present in lower silicate formulations such as Si/Al ≤ 1, do not occur in the present systems, suggesting that the condensation reaction between [Al(OH)4]− and silicate species is fairly quick and is consumed as soon as it is formed. This observation is also consistent with both
calorimetric measurements and model predictions, as the condensation time increased exponentially with increased Si/Al ratio
in the geopolymeric phase, indicating again that the high content of Al species in the gel phase greatly enhanced the condensation
rate. The experimental observations suggest that the condensation process in these systems occurs in two stages: (a) quick
condensation between aluminate and silicate species; followed by (b) a slow condensation stage solely involving silicate species. 相似文献
23.
纺织信息的网上检索方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
主要介绍在网上检索纺织信息的几种方法和处理技术,为人们检索纺织信息提供了方便快捷的途径。 相似文献
24.
Tsung-Kuang Yeh Ming-Han Tsai Mei-Ya Wang Chen-Kuo Weng 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2008,38(11):1495-1500
In the preparation of copper interconnects in the conductor pattern of a printed circuit board (PCB), wet etching processes
are commonly adopted for creating patterns of high-density interconnects. Currently available techniques of immersion and
spray etching could lead to poorly shaped wires due to complex flow fields or the disturbing puddling effect. A modified technique
of arrayed jet-stream etching was developed in this work, aiming at producing well-defined copper interconnects on a PCB in
a significantly shorter time. The results were appealing in that copper interconnects of 35/140 μm (thickness/width) exhibiting
etching factors of greater than 6 were obtained in 20 s, much better than the conventional ones with etching factors of 3
to 5 and etching times of at least 2 min. In addition, uniformly etched copper interconnects with less than 20 μm undercuts
were observed on one etching line. One additional point to note is that no banking agents or inhibitors as commonly seen in
conventional etching techniques were needed in this new processing method. 相似文献
25.
Organic‐acid‐catalyzed sol–gel route for preparing poly(methyl methacrylate)–silica hybrid materials
Jui‐Ming Yeh Kuan‐Yeh Huang Chung‐Feng Dai B. G. Chand Chang‐Jian Weng 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2008,110(4):2108-2114
In this study, a series of organic–inorganic hybrid sol–gel materials consisting of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix and dispersed silica (SiO2) particles were successfully prepared through an organic‐acid‐catalyzed sol–gel route with N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone as the mixing solvent. The as‐synthesized PMMA–SiO2 nanocomposites were subsequently characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The solid phase of organic camphor sulfonic acid was employed to catalyze the hydrolysis and condensation (i.e., sol–gel reactions) of tetraethyl orthosilicate in the PMMA matrix. The formation of the hybrid membranes was beneficial for the physical properties at low SiO2 loadings, especially for enhanced mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, in comparison with the neat PMMA. The effects of material composition on the thermal stability, thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, molecular permeability, optical clarity, and surface morphology of the as‐prepared hybrid PMMA–SiO2 nanocomposites in the form of membranes were investigated with thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, gas permeability analysis, ultraviolet–visible transmission spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
26.
Performance of the polymer- and oxide-supported triphase catalysts and effect of ultrasound on their stabilities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hsieh-Ting Chung Hung-Shan Weng 《Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers》2008,39(5):449-455
In this study, several trialkylamines were immobilized on chloromethylated polystyrene (CMPS), silica gel, and alumina to prepare triphase catalysts for catalyzing the etherification reaction of allyl bromide (the organic reactant) and sodium phenolate (the aqueous reactant). The reactor was agitated mechanically or with the aid of ultrasonic vibration. Performances of the prepared catalysts were compared, and the effect of imposing ultrasound was investigated based on the activity, selectivity, and stability of the catalyst. Experimental results show that tri-n-propylamine is the best active species when CMPS is used as the support, while tri-n-butylamine is the best when SiO2 and Al2O3 are employed as the supports. The CMPS-supported catalyst is far better than the SiO2- and Al2O3-supported catalysts in activity and selectivity but not in stability. Imposing the ultrasound can effectively increase the reaction rate. Mechanical agitation at a low speed with the imposition of ultrasonic vibration not only results in a conversion slightly higher than the case with a high mechanical agitation speed without ultrasonic vibration, but also gives a constant stability for the CMPS-supported catalyst. 相似文献
27.
Shaobing Zhou Qiuxiang Su Xiaohong Li Jie Weng 《Materials Science and Engineering: A》2006,430(1-2):341-345
In the paper, we found a novel method to synthesize dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD) nanocrystals by in situ reaction in biodegradable PDLLA matrix. Calcium hydrid was selected as calcium source of DCPD, which is different from general methods. The method is not only simple and effective to synthesize Ca–P particles, but also can avoid the aggregation of inorganic nanoparticles in the course of their being dispersed into polymer matrix. 相似文献
28.
筛查基因突变的新技术——循环双脱氧指纹图谱法及其应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
建立了适用于大批量标本基因突变筛查的双脱氧指纹图谱法即ddF。该技术民测定DNA序列的双脱氧末端终止法及SSCP二者长处于一身,即只作一个双脱氧末端终止反应,然后将反应产物在与SSCP相同的电泳条件下进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,这样有突变的样品不会漏检,阳性检出率高达100%。 相似文献
29.
Microwave irradiation processing (MIP) was considered as a potential method to synthesize perovskite-type oxides rapidly, cleanly and energy-efficiently. In this paper, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3+λ, a kind of promising catalyst for automobile exhaust purification, was successfully prepared by MIP in not more than 5 min. The sol–gel method was also used for comparison. All the samples were evaluated by catalytic activity tests in the simulated exhaust and characterized by XRD, BET, TEM and XRF analyses. The results showed that the integrated perovskite-type phase and uniform particle size were obtained in the microwave-treated samples. And those ones exhibited a better oxidation activity under slightly oxygen-rich condition than that by sol–gel method, which may be related to more A-site cation vacancies and larger bulk oxygen content generated in MIP. Possible formation mechanism of perovskites in MIP was also discussed. 相似文献
30.
Binwei Weng Barner K.E. 《Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, IEEE Transactions on》2007,54(12):1097-1101
In linear finite-impulse-response filter design, it is desirable that the filter frequency response has linear phase (LP). In this brief, we investigate the LP concept for nonlinear Volterra filters. The LP condition of Volterra filters is defined in terms of its output spectrum in which the phase term introduced by the Volterra kernels is linear. It is shown that under certain symmetry conditions, the LP condition is satisfied by Volterra filters. Moreover, the LP condition for Volterra filters can be considered as an extension to the linear filter case. 相似文献